Introduction 5
A Word about the Title 9
Chapter One: How Rousseau Became Our Guide 30
Chapter Two: Revolution 45
Enlightenment’s Reach 45
America’s Conflict with Great Britain 48
The Content and Spirit of the Declaration 50
Inclusive or Exclusive Coverage? 53
Other Explanations for the Equality Clause 55
The French Experience in the Eighteenth Century 58
Legacies 62
Chapter Three: Reaction 71
Equality’s Shadow 71
Chapter Four: The Juggernaut of Commerce 83
Liberty’s Uncertain Landscape: Europe in the 1800s 97
Chapter Five: Anxiety for the Individual 105
J.S. Mill 105
Herbert Spencer 111
Chapter Six: Slavery’s Abolition 122
A Network of Volunteers 134
Uncle Tom’s Cabin 136
President Lincoln’s Proclamation 139
Chapter Seven: Reconstruction 146
Chapter Eight: Populism’s Challenge to Exploitive Business 155Â
Chapter Nine: The Urban Soul of Progressivism 168Â
Chapter Ten:The Citizenship of Women 177
Historic Antecedents 186
A Boost from Outside the Circle of Women 190
Relevant Parts of the Preamble and the Wording of Article 21: 194
Preamble 194
Article 21 195
Chapter Eleven:Â Social Mobilization Confronts the Great Depression 196
What would Rousseau think of the New Deal? 210Â
Chapter Twelve: Domestic Innovation and the New International Cooperation in the Wake of World War II 213Â
Chapter Thirteen: Cold War Divisions 231
Background 231
Civil Rights 239
EEOC: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 241
Health Care: Senior Citizens and (Some) Others 243
Education 245
Anti-poverty Programs 248
Chapter Fourteen: Philosophy Needs History 253